Answer: Poster capsular opacifications are “after cataracts” that form in the remaining posterior capular bag after a cataract surgery. They are quite common, and treated by using a YAG laser to pop a hole through the capsule, thus clearing the visual axis.

YAG capsulotomy is relatively easy to perform, however, it is not without risks. The laser creates a shockwave in the eye and this energy can induce a retinal detachment.

Answer: Cataracts that are posterior are more visually significant. This is because the closer you get to the nodal point of the eye lens system, the more light rays will be affected by a lens opacities. Seemingly small PSC (posterior subcapsular cataracts) can severely affect the vision. Also, congenital cataracts located posteriorly are more concerning for developing amblyopia.

Answer: This is phacoemulsification, the method the lens nucleus is removed with ultrasonic energy.

Answer: The outer capsule is left behind with cataract surgery. This creates a pocket in which to place the new implanted lens.

Answer: The lens is held in place by zonules. These zonules are arranged around the periphery of the lens like the springs on a trampoline.

Answer: Long-term use of steroids is associated with premature cataract formation, usually a PSC (posterior subcapsular cataract) at the back of the lens.

Answer: A NSC is a nucleur sclerotic cataract. This is the typical cataract that forms as a yellowing and gradual opaqueness that forms in the central nucleus of the lens.

These cataracts are common and occur gradually with aging.

Answer: A PCO is a posterior capsule opacification, an “after cataract” that can form months to years after successful cataract surgery. They form when residual lens epithelial cells migrate over the posterior capsular bag. This is treated with a Yag capsulotomy, where a laser is used to pop a whole through the center of the posterior capsule in order to clear the central visual axis.

Answer: PSC stands for posterior subcasular cataract. This is when an opacity forms at the back of the lens.

These cataracts can advance suddenly, and are seen more often in those with diabetes or on long-term steroids, but anyone can get them. The are removed just like any other cataract, though sometimes require a yag capsulotomy down the road if all the opacity isn’t removed at surgery.

Answer: Yes. Even if the implant prescription is perfect for distance vision, the child will need bifocals for reading close up.