Ophthalmology Flashcards for Beginners!

This is a collection of flashcards that we’ve written based entirely from the material within OphthoBook.com! You can read through these questions online (either by topic or all jumbled together), or print them out. We are in the process of converting the flashcards into printable pdfs suitable for printing on business card paper at home.

By Category

Master List (all the flashcards)

1. Question: Are babies usually born myopic or hyperopic?
2. Question: By what mechanisms can patients with diabetic retinopathy lose vision?
3. Question: Describe the aqueous pathway from start to finish.
4. Question: Describe the tear pathway from start to finish.
5. Question: Describe two methods to check eye pressure?
6. Question: How are chemical injuries to the eye treated?
7. Question: How are metal foreign bodies removed from the cornea?
8. Question: How are PCO cataracts removed?
9. Question: How do we classify diabetic retinopathy?
10. Question: How do we treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
11. Question: How do you diagnose a corneal abrasion?
12. Question: How do you diagnose a corneal perforation?
13. Question: How do you diagnose and treat giant cell arteritis?
14. Question: How do you evaluate a patient with suspected open-globe?
15. Question: How does applanation work?
16. Question: How does neovascular glaucoma occur?
17. Question: How does optic neuritis present?
18. Question: How long is the eyeball?
19. Question: How many chambers are there in the eye?
20. Question: How might an inflammed conjunctiva be a good prognostic sign in cases of chemical eye injury?
21. Question: How might hyperglycemia affect a patient’s prescription?
22. Question: Name some oral medications that we check in ophthalmology?
23. Question: Name the layers of the cornea and their function.
24. Question: Name three potential causes of a white pupil in baby?
25. Question: Retinoblastoma is a tumor of what cell in the eye?
26. Question: What and where is the trochlea?
27. Question: What antibiotic do we use to cover most corneal abrasions?
28. Question: What are drusen?
29. Question: What are hard exudates?
30. Question: What are potential causes of amblyopia?
31. Question: What are some risk factors for closed-angle glaucoma?
32. Question: What are some risk factors for open-angle glaucoma?
33. Question: What are the “three vital signs” of ophthalmology?
34. Question: What are the 8 structures you describe on slit-lamp exam?
35. Question: What are the layers of the lens and which are removed in cataract surgery?
36. Question: What are the symptoms of dry eye?
37. Question: What are the symptoms of retinal detachment?
38. Question: What are the three types of conjunctivitis and how do they present?
39. Question: What CD4 count do patients with CMV retinitis typically have?
40. Question: What chemical is worse to get in the eye, an acid or base?
41. Question: What do you call a layer of white pus in the anterior chamber?
42. Question: What does a fourth nerve palsy look like and what causes it?
43. Question: What does a third-nerve palsy look like and what causes it?
44. Question: What does OU, OS, and OD stand for?
45. Question: What exam findings should you document with an orbital wall fracture?
46. Question: What eye findings are suspicious for shaken-baby syndrome?
47. Question: What eyedrop medication is associated with cataract formation?
48. Question: What four structures do we check on retinal exam?
49. Question: What holds the lens in place?
50. Question: What imaging study is best for orbit, apex, and brain?
51. Question: What is “pinholing” a patient?
52. Question: What is “with the rule” astigmatism?
53. Question: What is a Horner’s pupil?
54. Question: What is a layer of blood inside the anterior chamber called?
55. Question: What is a NSC and who gets them?
56. Question: What is a PCO and who gets them?
57. Question: What is a PSC and who gets them?
58. Question: What is a PVD?
59. Question: What is accomodation?
60. Question: What is amblyopia?
61. Question: What is an Adie’s pupil?
62. Question: What is anisometropia?
63. Question: What is applanation and what do we use to applanate?
64. Question: What is cell and flare?
65. Question: What is endophthalmitis and how do you get it?
66. Question: What is glaucoma?
67. Question: What is hyperopia?
68. Question: What is macular degeneration and what causes it?
69. Question: What is more visually significant, an anterior or posterior located cataract?
70. Question: What is myopia?
71. Question: What is PHACO?
72. Question: What is pigment dispersion glaucoma?
73. Question: What is presbyopia?
74. Question: What is presbyopia?
75. Question: What is pseudoexfoliation syndrome?
76. Question: What is pseudostrabismus?
77. Question: What is ROP?
78. Question: What is the “ISNT rule” in glaucoma?
79. Question: What is the ciliary body and what two functions does it serve?
80. Question: What is the most common type of conjunctivitis in adults and children?
81. Question: What is the surgical approach when sewing up lid-margin lacerations?
82. Question: What is the swinging light test?
83. Question: What is the uvea?
84. Question: What is traumatic iritis, and how do you treat it?
85. Question: What kind of orbital wall fracture needs to be repaired?
86. Question: What kind of workup would you perform for optic neuritis?
87. Question: What layer of the lens is left behind with cataract surgery?
88. Question: What level of the retina do dot-blot hemorrhages occur compared to flame-hemorrhages?
89. Question: What medication should you avoid in a sickle-cell patient with a hyphema?
90. Question: What might make you suspicious for a foreign body inside the eye?
91. Question: What organism do we worry about with contact lens patients?
92. Question: What should you first check with a patient complaining of diplopia?
93. Question: What symptoms might a patient with temporal arteritis complain of?
94. Question: What’s a Marcus-Gunn pupil?
95. Question: What’s a normal eye pressure?
96. Question: What’s normal corneal thickness and why do we check it?
97. Question: What’s the difference between a tropia and a phoria?
98. Question: What’s the difference between open and closed-angle glaucoma?
99. Question: What’s the difference between plus and minus cylinder?
100. Question: What’s the difference between the axis and power of a cylinder?
101. Question: What’s the Hirschberg test?
102. Question: What’s the most problematic location for a lid laceration?
103. Question: What’s the significance of pupil involvement with oculomotor nerve paralysis?
104. Question: What’s the difference between a corneal abrasion and an ulcer?
105. Question: Where do the cranial nerve nuclei sit in the brain?
106. Question: Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
107. Question: Where to do the extraocular muscles originate?
108. Question: Which method of retinal examination gives the most magnified view?
109. Question: Which muscles open and close the eyelid?
110. Question: Which orbital bone is most likely to fracture with blunt orbital trauma?
111. Question: Which type of sickle cell patient has more eye problems: type SC or SS?
112. Question: Why are sulfa allergies important to ask about?
113. Question: Why can’t we look at the trabecular meshwork directly?
114. Question: Why do we dilate eyes with internal inflammation?
115. Question: Why is the cornea clear and the sclera not?
116. Question: Why is the macula susceptible to ischemia with retinal detachments?
117. Question: You have a patient with a corneal thickness of 600 microns, and measured pressure of 15. Do you think his actual pressure is higher or lower than 15?
118. Questions: Put the following retina layers in order from inside to out: photoreceptors, ganglion nerves, sclera, and choroid.
119. Questions: What bones form the orbital walls?
120. Questions: What does a sixth nerve palsy look like, and what causes it?
121. Questions: What findings on exam are consistant with orbital cellulitis?
122. Questions: Will a child with cataract implants need glasses?